global demand for biodiesel amounts to 37,850 million liters in 2015. Currently, 30 countries have set targets for biofuels and are simultaneously using biodiesel and traditional fuel. Europe's goal is that biodiesel accounted for 7% of consumption, while Brazil and Indonesia is to assume 10%.
The developing countries supplied 50% of global demand for biofuels and their long-term commitment to renewable fuels has been demonstrated by the fact that since 17% of global biodiesel demand is concentrated in the hemisphere South. The EU is the largest consumer of biodiesel, with 44% of demand, followed closely by Asia-Pacific region, with 39% and well ahead of the U.S..
Agricultural land in Europe comprise 164 million hectares of farmland and 76 million hectares of grazing land. Agricultural waste of food crops and pastures are an important material for the production of biofuels.
The IIASA research institute multilateral Vienna, Austria, has calculated that it could produce up to 246 megatonnes of biomass for biofuel and bioplastics from crop residues, representing 50% of the biomass crop. This material could be used without adversely affecting production of fertilizers and soil. With this use of agricultural residues would be needed 15 to 20 million hectares of arable land under crops to produce biofuels.
Innovation
The demand for fuel (or plastic) from biomass competes with food crops. Experts at Cornell University have calculated that, for an average American car run for a year using biodiesel fuel or ethanol would require 4.4 hectares of agricultural land, if not used for this purpose, produce food to meet the needs of seven people.
However, this is only part of the problem: the amount of energy consumed to produce ethanol from food crops is greater than the amount of energy generated by the combustion of ethanol. The main problem is that in the initial solution is to remove the ethanol, which is at a level of 8% with a purity of 99.8% water, which is a percentage of 92%.
If this is added the crude reality of the corn land erodes at a rate 12 times greater than the speed of land reclamation and irrigation of corn deteriorates the groundwater at a rate 25 times greater than the natural rate parts, this situation is not sustainable. If all U.S. cars will use only fuel ethanol, would need to spend 97% of U.S. land to cultivate corn needed for this purpose. Therefore, the production of plastics and fuels from corn is hardly a sustainable substitute for fossil fuels.
Professor Carl-Goran Heden, a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, director of the department of Microbiology at the Karolinska Institute for several years and died in June last year, introduced the concept of the biorefinery in the early 1960s with In order to solve the dilemma of using land to grow food or to produce fuel or plastics.
His idea for the processing of biomass was similar to the fact that crude oil is broken down and recombined into 100,000 different molecules, thus generating energy. Although numerous research institutes like the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and the University of Wageningen did studies on this subject, was Professor Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG) of Brazil, who put into practice, but not with plants but algae.
Professor Jorge Costa began in the 1990 research with freshwater algae, found naturally in the Mangueira alkaline lake in southern Brazil, in order to solve the problem of malnutrition in the region. His ideas for increased production led to the expansion of the program, which went from focusing only on food security also cover climate change mitigation.
Algae production was a success, but also greater awareness of the use of CO2 as a nutrient for algae represented a new opportunity to reduce excess emissions of CO2 from power plant in the area, operating with coal, and convert the detention basin in a production of algae.
A detailed study revealed that production capacity, if there is excess production of algae for human consumption, one can extract lipids from algae to produce biofuels. Dr. Michele Greque, a colleague of Professor Jorge Costa, took the biorefinery to the next level and saw that it could produce esters (and polyester) from waste, which was a convincing proof that the biorefinery could produce food, fuel and plastics from CO2.
The first money
The Brazilian team successfully built its first production unit in the Brazilian city of Porto Alegre in 2008 and although the project is still in its infancy, the demonstration that the unit has the technical and financial capacity needed to make greenhouse gas gases in the raw material for food, fuel and plastics have been obtained funding for the research needed to perfect this technique, which makes the idea of producing biofuels from algae is more promising.
Similarly, the Italian company Novamont, the largest manufacturer of bioplastics in Europe has evolved and has gone from being an innovator in the field of plastics to be a company currently focused on construction of biorefineries, the first of them is already operation in Terni, Italy.
After an investment of approximately EUR 100 million in innovative plastics and get a portfolio of 100 patents, Dr. Catia Bastioli, founder and CEO of the company, extended this project by creating a joint venture with 600 local farmers who supply products for local consumption.
This strategy of reusing uncultivated land for production and to ensure that all biomass is processed (not only the starch and vegetable oils) increase the income from land, factory production and the cost of products and generates a large amount of money, as proposed by blue economy.
The oil and petrochemical refineries should give ideas to chemical engineers to find similar production methods of biomass derived from complex. As oil breaks down into 100,000 different molecules, biomass should not occur in silos for their production does not leave a large volume of unused waste there. It's time to actually carry into practice the concept of the biorefinery. Now that the projects in Brazil and Italy have shown that biorefineries are technically feasible, economically and socially, it is likely that in a short period of time, launch more projects of this type.global demand for biodiesel amounts to 37,850 million liters in 2015. Currently, 30 countries have set targets for biofuels and are simultaneously using biodiesel and traditional fuel. Europe's goal is that biodiesel accounted for 7% of consumption, while Brazil and Indonesia is to assume 10%.
The developing countries supplied 50% of global demand for biofuels and their long-term commitment to renewable fuels has been demonstrated by the fact that since 17% of global biodiesel demand is concentrated in the hemisphere South. The EU is the largest consumer of biodiesel, with 44% of demand, followed closely by Asia-Pacific region, with 39% and well ahead of the U.S..
Agricultural land in Europe comprise 164 million hectares of farmland and 76 million hectares of grazing land. Agricultural waste of food crops and pastures are an important material for the production of biofuels.
The IIASA research institute multilateral Vienna, Austria, has calculated that it could produce up to 246 megatonnes of biomass for biofuel and bioplastics from crop residues, representing 50% of the biomass crop. This material could be used without adversely affecting production of fertilizers and soil. With this use of agricultural residues would be needed 15 to 20 million hectares of arable land under crops to produce biofuels.
Innovation
The demand for fuel (or plastic) from biomass competes with food crops. Experts at Cornell University have calculated that, for an average American car run for a year using biodiesel fuel or ethanol would require 4.4 hectares of agricultural land, if not used for this purpose, produce food to meet the needs of seven people.
However, this is only part of the problem: the amount of energy consumed to produce ethanol from food crops is greater than the amount of energy generated by the combustion of ethanol. The main problem is that in the initial solution is to remove the ethanol, which is at a level of 8% with a purity of 99.8% water, which is a percentage of 92%.
If this is added the crude reality of the corn land erodes at a rate 12 times greater than the speed of land reclamation and irrigation of corn deteriorates the groundwater at a rate 25 times greater than the natural rate parts, this situation is not sustainable. If all U.S. cars will use only fuel ethanol, would need to spend 97% of U.S. land to cultivate corn needed for this purpose. Therefore, the production of plastics and fuels from corn is hardly a sustainable substitute for fossil fuels.
Professor Carl-Goran Heden, a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, director of the department of Microbiology at the Karolinska Institute for several years and died in June last year, introduced the concept of the biorefinery in the early 1960s with In order to solve the dilemma of using land to grow food or to produce fuel or plastics.
His idea for the processing of biomass was similar to the fact that crude oil is broken down and recombined into 100,000 different molecules, thus generating energy. Although numerous research institutes like the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and the University of Wageningen did studies on this subject, was Professor Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG) of Brazil, who put into practice, but not with plants but algae.
Professor Jorge Costa began in the 1990 research with freshwater algae, found naturally in the Mangueira alkaline lake in southern Brazil, in order to solve the problem of malnutrition in the region. His ideas for increased production led to the expansion of the program, which went from focusing only on food security also cover climate change mitigation.
Algae production was a success, but also greater awareness of the use of CO2 as a nutrient for algae represented a new opportunity to reduce excess emissions of CO2 from power plant in the area, operating with coal, and convert the detention basin in a production of algae.
A detailed study revealed that production capacity, if there is excess production of algae for human consumption, one can extract lipids from algae to produce biofuels. Dr. Michele Greque, a colleague of Professor Jorge Costa, took the biorefinery to the next level and saw that it could produce esters (and polyester) from waste, which was a convincing proof that the biorefinery could produce food, fuel and plastics from CO2.
The first money
The Brazilian team successfully built its first production unit in the Brazilian city of Porto Alegre in 2008 and although the project is still in its infancy, the demonstration that the unit has the technical and financial capacity needed to make greenhouse gas gases in the raw material for food, fuel and plastics have been obtained funding for the research needed to perfect this technique, which makes the idea of producing biofuels from algae is more promising.
Similarly, the Italian company Novamont, the largest manufacturer of bioplastics in Europe has evolved and has gone from being an innovator in the field of plastics to be a company currently focused on construction of biorefineries, the first of them is already operation in Terni, Italy.
After an investment of approximately EUR 100 million in innovative plastics and get a portfolio of 100 patents, Dr. Catia Bastioli, founder and CEO of the company, extended this project by creating a joint venture with 600 local farmers who supply products for local consumption.
This strategy of reusing uncultivated land for production and to ensure that all biomass is processed (not only the starch and vegetable oils) increase the income from land, factory production and the cost of products and generates a large amount of money, as proposed by blue economy. http://thechemistrysideoftheforce.blogspot.com/
The oil and petrochemical refineries should give ideas to chemical engineers to find similar production methods of biomass derived from complex. As oil breaks down into 100,000 different molecules, biomass should not occur in silos for their production does not leave a large volume of unused waste there. It's time to actually carry into practice the concept of the biorefinery. Now that the projects in Brazil and Italy have shown that biorefineries are technically feasible, economically and socially, it is likely that in a short period of time, launch more projects of this type.
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