Production of pulp and paper pattern and history origin China

It is believed that papermaking originated in China around the year 100 AD or: they used rags, Ca n love, straw and grass feedstock and bumping against stone mortars to separate the original fiber. Although over time mechanization gained ground, until the nineteenth century followed the method used as the base ndose all batch production and agricultural fiber sources. The first ma continuous paper machines were patented in an OS rate of the nineteenth century. Between 1844 and 1884 he developed the first method for obtaining all pulp, a source of fiber ma s abundant than rags or grasses, these methods all involved the unique mechanical abrasions n and implementation of procedures based chemicals ustica capita soda, sulfites and sulfates (cellulose sulfate). With these changes began the modern era of pulp and papel.http :/ / thechemistrysideoftheforce.blogspot.com /

Figure 72.1 illustrates the procedure complete ma s manufacture of pulp and paper from the current low é: PROCESSING OF the unique mechanical pulp; PROCESSING of chemical pulp, waste paper recycling, paper making, and transformation processes. Today, the industry can be divided into two main sectors according to the types of products manufactured. The paste is generally manufactured in factories located in major fac the same areas where the fiber is collected (ie, the major forest regions). Many of these facilities ALSO n make paper (eg., Newsprint, writing paper, printing paper or tissue paper) and paperboard n. Figure 72.2 shows the layout of a factory that produces bleached sulphate pulp, thermomechanical pulp and newsprint. OBSE rvense platforms and loading dock, storage area chips, chip conveyor to the digester, the digester recovery boiler (high white building) and clarification ponds effluents. The various processing operations are usually conducted near the consumption centers and commercial paper or pulp used to manufacture bags, cartons, containers, tissue paper, wrapping paper, decorative stationery, office supplies and the like.

In recent years there has been an increasing trend towards the manufacturers of pulp and paper become part of large integrated forest products companies. These Compañ ies control forest harvesting operations (ASE sees Forestry chapter), sawmills (see Chapter Timber Industry), pulp and paper, and procedures of transformation. Such a structure raised

guarantees a continuous source of fiber, effective use of waste wood and some buyers insured, all of which favors an increase in its market share. The INTEGRATION has developed conjunció n ny concentrations with increasing globalization, resulting from the ORIENTATION companies to international investment. The financial burden of establishing industrial plants encourages this trend to provide economies of scale. Some companies have already reached producció n levels of 10 million tonnes, similar to the total capacity of countries with the ma Maximum production. Many are multinational, and some factories have AF in 20 s or more countries around the world. However, even though many of the companies and small factories are disappearing ma s, n aú industry has hundreds of members. To illustrate, suffice to say that the top 150 companies account for two thirds of the production of pulp and paper, and with only a third of the employees.